Analysis of WiMAX Physical Layer Using Spatial Multiplexing

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has emerged as a promising solution for providing last mile internet access technology to provide high speed internet access to the users in the residential as well as in the small and medium sized enterprise sectors. IEEE 802.16e is one of the most promising and attractive candidate among the emerging technologies for broadband wireless access. The emergence of WiMAX protocol has attracted various interests from almost all the fields of wireless communications. MIMO systems which are created according to the IEEE 802.16-2005 standard (WiMAX) under different fading channels can be implemented to get the benefits of both the MIMO and WiMAX technologies. In this paper analysis of higher level of modulations (i.e. M-PSK and M-QAM for different values of M) with different code rates and on WiMAX-MIMO system is presented for Rayleigh channel by focusing on spatial multiplexing MIMO technique. Signal-to Noise Ratio (SNR) vs Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis has been done.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 4, No. 2, April 201

Survey of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) as an efficient waveform for 5G

Filter bank multicarrier is a multicarrier scheme. It is a modulation technique to overcome the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). The inter symbol interference is a big challenges in network systems. FBMC is a modification of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In OFDM cyclic prefix are used for robustness of signal, but by using cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has some drawbacks. To overcome the drawback of OFDM, use the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC). It provides the efficient bandwidth. To handle this situation modulation techniques are used and other new methods will be used in future. One of them is Filter Bank Multicarrier; it provides high efficiency rather than OFDM

Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM System Incorporated with Various Transforms for Image Communication in 5G Systems

Modern-day applications of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) systems require fast, efficient, and robust transmission of multimedia information over wireless communication medium for both mobile and fixed users. The hybrid amalgamation of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) proves to be an impressive methodology for fulfilling the needs of 5G and 6G users. In this paper, the performance of the hybrid combination of massive MIMO and OFDM schemes augmented with fast Fourier transform (FFT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) or discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is evaluated to study their potential for reliable image communication. The analysis is carried over the Rayleigh fading channels and M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation schemes. The parameters used in our analysis to assess the outcome of proposed versions of OFDM-mMIMO include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SNR vs. structural similarity index measure (SSIM) at the receiver. Our results indicate that massive MIMO systems incorporating FrFT and DWT can lead to higher PSNR and SSIM values for a given SNR and number of users, when compared with in contrast to FFT-based massive MIMO-OFDM systems under the same conditions.publishersversionpublishe

Analysis of Image Transmission using MIMO-Alamouti Space-Time Encoding

Rapid increase in requirements of high speed transmission of multi-media information resulted in development of MIMO systems. MIMO systems have emerged as the most efficient methodology for the high speed robust data transmission. In this paper, the performance of Alamouti Space-time block coded MIMO system is analysed using the metric of efficient image transmission over the Rayleigh fading channel. The transmitted image is modulated using M-PSK modulation technique, and its reconstructed version is plotted as an output function. Zero-forcing equalization is done for the detection of the original symbols from the received symbols which are influenced by the multipath fading and the channel noise. The results for image transmission using 2×1 and 2×2 Alamouti STBC are evaluated for different SNR values. The inverse relationship between the SNR and BER in the results depict that the high value of SNR and receiver antenna leads to enhanced system efficiency with reduced BER and distortion less recovery of image. It is very evident from the analysis of the received images that as we increase the SNR or the number of the antennas at the receiving side, the quality of the received image improves for the same channel environment. During the analysis, it is also found that increasing the number of bits forming one symbol in M-PSK modulation increase the BER which is undesirable. Thus, trade-off between the number of antenna, SNR and the M value of PSK is an essential requirement for achieving enhanced performance

Implementation of message authentication code using DNA-LCG key and a novel hash algorithm

With the introduction of electronic form of data, the need for an automatic system of security to protect the integrity of data while being transferred from one place to another is required. This is especially the case for a network in which the systems are accessed over a public network or internet. Security mechanisms involve the use of more than one algorithm. They further require that the participants should possess a secret key, which raises issues about creation, distribution and proper usage of these keys. The most effective technique used in provisioning security is Message Authentication Code (MAC) which helps in preserving integrity. MAC involves the use of secret key along with a hash algorithm. In this paper, we present an implementation of MAC using a secret key created by Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and random output sequence of Linear Congruential Generator (LCG). The hash algorithm used is made more robust by adding complexity to the traditional SHA-160. The presented scheme RMAC (Robust Message Authentication Code) is tested on National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) test suite for random numbers, avalanche criteria and resistance towards network attacks. The results reveal that the scheme is efficient and is applicable for a variety of security demanding environments

Data-Intensive Traffic Management: Real-Time Insights from the Traffic Management Simulation Test

This research examined the effectiveness of data-intensive traffic management in urban settings using real-time insights from traffic management simulation experiments. The examination of data on traffic flow revealed a noteworthy decrease in congestion, with a 25% increase in traffic velocity during peak hours. Real-time information led to a 40% drop in the severity of traffic accidents and a 50% reduction in reaction times. Improved road safety was aided by a 30% decrease in accidents during inclement weather thanks to real-time weather data. To further optimize urban traffic flow, dynamic traffic management operations based on real-time information also resulted in a 20% reduction in congestion. These results highlight the revolutionary potential of data-intensive traffic management, offering safer and more effective urban transportation solutions by incorporating real-time information into traffic control plans

Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM System Incorporated with Various Transforms for Image Communication in 5G Systems

Modern-day applications of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) systems require fast, efficient, and robust transmission of multimedia information over wireless communication medium for both mobile and fixed users. The hybrid amalgamation of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) proves to be an impressive methodology for fulfilling the needs of 5G and 6G users. In this paper, the performance of the hybrid combination of massive MIMO and OFDM schemes augmented with fast Fourier transform (FFT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) or discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is evaluated to study their potential for reliable image communication. The analysis is carried over the Rayleigh fading channels and M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation schemes. The parameters used in our analysis to assess the outcome of proposed versions of OFDM-mMIMO include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SNR vs. structural similarity index measure (SSIM) at the receiver. Our results indicate that massive MIMO systems incorporating FrFT and DWT can lead to higher PSNR and SSIM values for a given SNR and number of users, when compared with in contrast to FFT-based massive MIMO-OFDM systems under the same conditions